Department · Filed Standards plate

Every authority cited in this issue, with verifiable URL.

Standards and authorities cited by the firm in sealed reports and in this issue’s articles. Every entry below links to an existing publisher or regulator URL. The firm cites only published, current standards; deprecated editions are noted where used in legacy installations.

NFPA

NFPA 70 — National Electrical Code, 2023 ed.: nfpa.org/70 — Articles 250 (grounding), 310 (conductors), 408 (switchboards), 430 (motor circuits), 555 (marinas), 705 (interconnected production)
NFPA 70E — Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace, 2024 ed.: nfpa.org/70E — §130.5 (incident energy), §130.7 (PPE)
NFPA 921 — Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations, 2024 ed.: nfpa.org/921 — §4 hypothesis method, §9.10 glowing-contact ignition, §9.11 arc-mapping, §17 documentation, §19 electrical investigation
NFPA 780 — Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection Systems, 2023 ed.: nfpa.org/780
NFPA 110 — Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems, 2022 ed.: nfpa.org/110
NFPA 303 — Fire Protection Standard for Marinas and Boatyards, 2021 ed.: nfpa.org/303

IEEE

IEEE 43-2013 — Recommended Practice for Testing Insulation Resistance of Electric Machinery: standards.ieee.org/43
IEEE 81-2012 — Guide for Measuring Earth Resistivity, Ground Impedance, and Earth Surface Potentials: standards.ieee.org/81
IEEE 142-2007 — Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial and Commercial Power Systems (Green Book): standards.ieee.org/142
IEEE 519-2022 — Standard for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems: standards.ieee.org/519 — Tables 1 (voltage) & 2 (current)
IEEE 841-2009 — Standard for Petroleum and Chemical Industry Premium-Efficiency Severe-Duty TEFC Squirrel-Cage Induction Motors: standards.ieee.org/841
IEEE 1068-2015 — Recommended Practice for the Repair and Rewinding of AC Motors: standards.ieee.org/1068
IEEE 1100-2005 — Recommended Practice for Powering and Grounding Electronic Equipment (Emerald Book): standards.ieee.org/1100
IEEE 1159-2019 — Recommended Practice for Monitoring Electric Power Quality: standards.ieee.org/1159
IEEE 1159.3-2019 — Recommended Practice for the Transfer of Power Quality Data (PQDIF): standards.ieee.org/1159.3
IEEE 1453-2022 — Recommended Practice for the Analysis of Fluctuating Installations on Power Systems (flicker): standards.ieee.org/1453
IEEE 1584-2018 — Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations: standards.ieee.org/1584 — Annex B reference equations
IEEE C2 — National Electrical Safety Code (NESC), 2023 ed.: standards.ieee.org/C2 — §35 (underground), §92 (grounding)
IEEE C62.41.1-2024 — Surge Environment in Low-Voltage AC Power Circuits: standards.ieee.org/C62.41.1
IEEE C62.41.2-2002 — Characterization of Surges in Low-Voltage AC Power Circuits: standards.ieee.org/C62.41.2

ASTM & IEC

ASTM E1188-23 — Standard Practice for Collection and Preservation of Information by Seizing Officials: astm.org/e1188
ASTM E1492-11(2017) — Standard Practice for Receiving, Documenting, Storing, and Retrieving Evidence: astm.org/e1492
ASTM F1959 — Test Method for Determining the Arc Rating of Materials for Clothing: astm.org/f1959
ASTM F2178 — Test Method for Determining the Arc Rating of Face Protective Products: astm.org/f2178
IEC 61000-4-30 — Power Quality Measurement Methods (Class A): webstore.iec.ch/4076
IEC 61000-4-11 — Voltage Dips, Short Interruptions and Voltage Variations Immunity Tests: webstore.iec.ch/4093
IEC 62305-1/-2/-3/-4 — Protection Against Lightning: webstore.iec.ch/IEC62305

OSHA, UL, NEMA, SEMI, ABYC

OSHA 29 CFR 1910.269 — Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution: osha.gov — Tables 4 & 5 (clothing system performance)
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.132(d) — Hazard Assessment and Equipment Selection: osha.gov/1910.132
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.147 — Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout): osha.gov/1910.147
UL 1449 5th ed. — Standard for Surge Protective Devices: ul.com/UL1449
NEMA MG-1 (2021) — Motors and Generators: nema.org/MG-1 — §14.36 voltage-unbalance derating
SEMI F47-0706 — Voltage Sag Immunity Specification: semi.org/standards
ABYC E-11 — AC and DC Electrical Systems on Boats: abycinc.org/standards

Regulatory bodies & statutes

PA State Board for Professional Engineers, Land Surveyors and Geologists: dos.pa.gov
PA Department of Labor & Industry — Uniform Construction Code (UCC): dli.pa.gov/ucc
PA Department of Insurance: insurance.pa.gov
42 Pa C.S. §5536 — Pennsylvania Statute of Repose (construction-defect claims): legis.state.pa.us
U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission: cpsc.gov
U.S. Fire Administration: usfa.fema.gov
ATF Fire Research Laboratory (Beltsville, MD): atf.gov/labs
NIST Forensic Science: nist.gov/forensic-science

Case law & courts

Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 509 U.S. 579 (1993): law.cornell.edu
Federal Rule of Evidence 702 — Testimony by Expert Witnesses: law.cornell.edu/fre/702
U.S. District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania — Erie Division: pawd.uscourts.gov/erie
Erie County Court of Common Pleas, Pennsylvania: eriecountypa.gov/courts
NORD Practice Manual — Subrogation in PA & OH (NASP): subrogation.org

Professional societies

IEEE Power & Energy Society (PES): ieee-pes.org
IEEE Industry Applications Society (IAS): ias.ieee.org
National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE): nspe.org
National Academy of Forensic Engineers (NAFE): nafe.org
National Association of Fire Investigators (NAFI): nafi.org
International Association of Arson Investigators (IAAI): firearson.com
Electric Apparatus Service Association (EASA): easa.com
Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI): epri.com
International Association of Electrical Inspectors (IAEI): iaei.org
National Association of Subrogation Professionals (NASP): subrogation.org